{"id":386,"date":"2026-06-30T05:58:22","date_gmt":"2026-06-30T05:58:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.journals.utgjiu.ro\/JES\/?post_type=articol&#038;p=386"},"modified":"2026-06-30T05:58:22","modified_gmt":"2026-06-30T05:58:22","slug":"determinants-of-economic-development-in-romania-a-multidimensional-approach","status":"publish","type":"articol","link":"https:\/\/www.journals.utgjiu.ro\/JES\/articol\/determinants-of-economic-development-in-romania-a-multidimensional-approach\/","title":{"rendered":"DETERMINANTS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN ROMANIA: A MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Over recent decades, humanity has increasingly begun to understand the importance of ensuring better  subsistence for all current and future generations by pursuing economic prosperity within a pristine planet and a world  governed by peace and partnerships between nations. Accordingly, through our research, we aim to assess the manner in which a series of economic, social, and environmental factors influence economic development in Romania between 2000 and 2024 (i.e., time-series data). To measure the notion of economic development, we used one of the most  popular proxy variables, namely, real gross domestic product (GDP) per inhabitant. For the econometric analysis, we<br \/>\nemploy the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method with Newey-West standard errors. Our findings highlight that GDP<br \/>\nper capita is positively influenced by the employed population, R&amp;D spending, population\u2019s access to safely managed drinking water, and municipal waste recycling. Conversely, it is negatively influencedby people living in poverty,<br \/>\nyoung people who are neither in education nor employed, inflation, and greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, we state that our econometric estimates are robust, not changing significantly when an alternative proxy dependent  variable is introduced (i.e., the Human Development Index). Finally, we conclude that our results are consistent with those obtained by various scholars who have addressed the topic of economic development in Romania and internationally.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"class_list":["post-386","articol","type-articol","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.journals.utgjiu.ro\/JES\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/articol\/386","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.journals.utgjiu.ro\/JES\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/articol"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.journals.utgjiu.ro\/JES\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/articol"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.journals.utgjiu.ro\/JES\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}